Arizona

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Arizona is a southwestern U.S. state known for its biodiverse landscape that range from the arid Sonoran Desert to the forested mountains of the Colorado Plateau. With a warm climate, Arizona experiences hot summers in the lowlands and cooler temperatures in the higher elevations. Arizona is home to hundreds of species of grasshoppers and only a few of them cause problems for rangeland and agriculture. However, during periods of drought or population booms, grasshoppers can become pests, causing significant damage to crops and vegetation.

Arizona
Arizona is within:
Country:United States of America


State ecology

Arizona has the highest concentration and diversity of Orthoptera in the United States including species that may be unique to the state or only found in parts of neighboring Sonora, Mexico. There are 294 species of Orthoptera, in 14 families, that have been recorded in Arizona. [1]

Most grasshoppers in Arizona are semelparous, meaning they reproduce once in their lifetime before dying. They lay their eggs in the soil, where they overwinter in diapause. Depending on the species, egg clutches can range from just a few to over a hundred. Hatching occurs in two distinct seasons: a smaller group emerges after winter rains, maturing into adults by April or May, while a much larger group hatches following the summer monsoons, peaking in abundance from late August to early October. The number of generations per year largely depends on the timing and intensity of the summer monsoons, while nymphs typically hatch in the spring when temperatures are warmer. [2] [1]

Grasshoppers in Arizona are important herbivores, influencing plant communities and serving as prey for many predators, such as birds, reptiles, and mammals. They are typically found in grassy areas, open fields, and agricultural lands, where they feed on grasses, crops, and other vegetation. Grasshoppers tend to favor specific desert plants for food, but when these are depleted, they start eating a broader variety of plant species.

Organizations

Organization name Acronym Website Type Focus Focus keywords Geographic purview
Behavioral Plasticity Research Institute BPRI View URL Other Research, Education Phenotypic plasticity, Phase polyphenism Texas, Arizona, Missouri, Illinois
Global Locust Initiative GLI View URL University Research, Education, Information Hub Sustainable development, Ecology, Nutrition, Social science, Natural sciences, Agriculture, Agroecology, Biology, Behavior, Biological control, Climate change, Education, Sustainability science, Geometric framework, Grazing, Governance, Food security, Arts and humanities, Land use management, Landscape ecology, Locusts, Migration, Phase polyphenism, Phenotypic plasticity, Soil science Arizona
M3 Consulting View URL Private Sector Management Robotics & drone technology Arizona
National Grasshopper Management Board NGBM View URL Non-profit Organization Governance, Management Coordination, Natural sciences Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
Rangeland Grasshopper and Mormon Cricket Suppression Program at the United States Department of Agriculture View URL Government Management, Education, Information Hub Control, Forecasting, Monitoring Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
University of Arizona Department of Entomology UofA View URL University Research Agricultural development Arizona
USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology-Insect Management and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory (Phoenix Station) View URL Government Research, Management Management, Natural sciences Arizona


Highlighted species from Arizona

Species Official common name Image Distribution
Aeropedellus clavatus Club-horned grasshopper
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa
Ageneotettix deorum White-whiskered grasshopper
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan
Amphitornus coloradus Striped grasshopper
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Illinois
Anabrus simplex Mormon cricket
Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Colorado, Wyoming, Arizona, New Mexico, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba
Arphia conspersa Speckled rangeland grasshopper
Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin
Arphia pseudo-nietana Red-winged grasshopper
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan
Aulocara elliotti Big-headed grasshopper
Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba
Aulocara femoratum White cross grasshopper Alberta, Saskatchewan, Montana, Idaho, Oregon, California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas
Boopedon nubilum Ebony grasshopper
Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Arizona, Oklahoma, Texas
Brachystola magna Plains lubber grasshopper
Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri
Camnula pellucida Clear-winged grasshopper
Chortophaga viridifasciata Northern green-striped grasshopper
Cordillacris crenulata Crenulated winged grasshopper
Alberta, Saskatchewan, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas
Cordillacris occipitalis Western spotted-winged grasshopper
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas
Derotmema haydenii Hayden's grasshopper
Alberta, Saskatchewan, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Nevada, California, Oregon
Dissosteira carolina Carolina grasshopper
Encoptolophus costalis Dusky grasshopper Montana, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba
Eritettix simplex Velvet-striped grasshopper Alberta, Saskatchewan, Montana, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia (U.S. state), Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey
Hadrotettix trifasciatus Threebanded grasshopper Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas
Hesperotettix viridis Meadow purple-striped grasshopper
Melanoplus angustipennis Narrow-winged sand grasshopper
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia (U.S. state), Alabama
Melanoplus bivittatus Two-striped grasshopper
Melanoplus bowditchi Sagebrush grasshopper Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota
Melanoplus bruneri Bruner spur-throated grasshopper
Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, Maine, Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Yukon, Northwest Territories
Melanoplus confusus Pasture grasshopper
Melanoplus differentialis Differential grasshopper
Melanoplus femurrubrum Red-legged grasshopper
Melanoplus foedus Striped sand grasshopper
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Wisconsin
Melanoplus gladstoni Gladston grasshopper Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa
Melanoplus infantilis Little spur-throated grasshopper
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Minnesota, Iowa
Melanoplus lakinus Lakin grasshopper Montana, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas
Melanoplus occidentalis Occidental grasshopper British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa
Melanoplus packardii Packard grasshopper
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri
Melanoplus rugglesi Nevada sage grasshopper British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado
Melanoplus sanguinipes Migratory grasshopper
Mermiria bivittata Two-striped mermiria grasshopper
Saskatchewan, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, California, Arizona, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia (U.S. state), Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina
Metator pardalinus Blue-legged grasshopper
Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba
Oedaleonotus enigma Valley grasshopper
Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Wyoming
Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum Four-spotted grasshopper Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa
Phoetaliotes nebrascensis Large-headed grasshopper
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan
Pseudochorthippus curtipennis Marsh meadow grasshopper
Pseudochorthippus curtipennis Marsh meadow grasshopper
Psoloessa delicatula Brown-spotted range grasshopper Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba
Spharagemon collare Mottled sand grasshopper
Spharagemon equale Say's grasshopper
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas
Trachyrhachys kiowa Kiowa grasshopper
Trimerotropis pallidipennis Pallid-winged grasshopper
British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas
Xanthippus corallipes Red-shanked grasshopper
Montana, Wyoming, Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Idaho, Colorado, Utah, Alberta, Manitoba, British Columbia, Saskatchewan


Species of management concern

Name Image Distribution File name
Big-headed grasshopper (Aulocara elliotti)
Clear-winged grasshopper (Camnula pellucida)
Kiowa grasshopper (Trachyrhachys kiowa)
Little spur-throated grasshopper (Melanoplus infantilis)
Migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes)
Mormon cricket (Anabrus simplex)
Two-striped grasshopper (Melanoplus bivittatus)
Velvet-striped grasshopper (Eritettix simplex)
Western spotted-winged grasshopper (Cordillacris occipitalis)
White cross grasshopper (Aulocara femoratum)
White-whiskered grasshopper (Ageneotettix deorum)


Resources

Name Species purview Year published Resource link Descriptive keyword Language All geography Author Year published
Field Guide to Common Western Grasshoppers 2002 View URL Species identification English United States Department of Agriculture 2002
Grasshopper Integrated Pest Management User Handbook 2000 View URL Biological control, Chemical control, Monitoring, Modeling, Population dynamics, Rangeland management, Decision making English Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture 2000
Grasshopper watch 2022 View URL Grasshoppers English Ag Proud 2022
Grasshoppers 2013 View URL Life cycle, Pesticide management, Management English California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Wyoming, United States of America, Northern America, Americas University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program 2013
Grasshoppers Are Descending on the West in Swarms 2021 View URL Grasshoppers English Slate Magazine 2021
Grasshoppers of the Western United States View URL Management, Species identification English United States Department of Agriculture
Las Vegas resident shares experience as swarms of grasshoppers return to valley 2024 View URL Outbreaks English British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, United States of America, Northern America, Americas KLAS 8 News Now 2024
Mega Disasters: Super Swarms of Locusts 2021 View URL General locust education, Video English Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, United States of America, Northern America, Americas History Channel 2021
Montana.gov grasshopper field guides View URL Species identification, Management, Biology English
Mormon cricket 'sludge' blankets northern Nevada roads causing crashes 2024 View URL Media article, Outbreaks English Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Colorado, Wyoming, Arizona, New Mexico, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, United States of America, Northern America, Americas KLAS 8 News Now 2024
Overview of the APHIS Rangeland Grasshopper and Mormon Cricket Suppression Program 2022 View URL Management, Chemical control, Grasshoppers, Governance, Video English Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, United States of America, Northern America, Americas USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology-Insect Management and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory (Phoenix Station), United States Department of Agriculture 2022
Pest Grasshoppers of the West 2005 View URL Management, Species identification English University of Wyoming 2005
Rangeland Grasshopper Management View URL Management, Species identification English University of Wyoming
The Grasshoppers of the Western U.S. Lucid mobile app 2016 View URL Management, Species identification English USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology-Insect Management and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory (Phoenix Station), United States Department of Agriculture, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology of the USDA, University of Nebraska, Chadron State College 2016
USDA APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology Phoenix Lab Rangeland Unit project summary 2021 Summary English, Spanish, French USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology-Insect Management and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory (Phoenix Station), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture 2021
USDA ARS grasshopper species fact sheets View URL Management, Species identification English Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture


References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Palka-Flores E (2024) Grasshopper Diversity and Community Ecology in the Madrean Sky Islands of Arizona. Master of Science. Arizona State University Available from: https://www.proquest.com/docview/3142374801?fromopenview=true&pq-origsite=gscholar&sourcetype=Dissertations%20&%20Theses (February 11, 2025).
  2. Davidowitz, G. (n.d.). Grasshoppers. In A Natural History of the Sonoran Desert (2nd ed.). Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. Retrieved from https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_grasshopper_new.php