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Locust outbreaks

From HopperWiki
Species to watch
At any given time a grasshopper, locust or other orthopteran species outbreak is likely to be happening somewhere in the world. Locusts are a special type of grasshopper whose outbreaks occur sporadically throughout much of the world and require extensive coordination to manage successfully. For some countries in Africa, the Middle East, South, and Southeast Asia, and South America, recent outbreaks are the worst seen in many decades. Each locust species has a unique set of biological traits and a distinct geographic range that span a landscape of cultural, political, and ecological diversity. As highly mobile pests, they also link distant regions together in feedback loops of human and ecological processes. As such, finding solutions to more sustainably manage these formidable pests requires approaches that consider this complexity and coordinate broadly across disciplines and countries. For a full list of situation bulletins click here


Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera)
Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera)
The Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera) is widespread on the mainland of Australia and known as the most economically significant locust species, attributed to both the extent and frequency of its outbreaks, along with its ability to produce multiple generations in a year. Ecologically, C. terminifera primarily inhabits grasslands and semi-arid regions. They are polyphagous, feeding on various grasses and crops, which often leads to significant agricultural damage during outbreaks.
Brown locust (Locustana pardalina)
Brown locust (Locustana pardalina)
The brown locust (Locustana pardalina) is a highly gregarious species and one of the most important agricultural pests in southern Africa, where recurrent upsurges and plagues have shaped farming and rangeland management for over a century. Native to the semi-arid Nama Karoo and adjoining arid grasslands, it periodically forms dense hopper bands and swarms that can severely impact grazing and crops. Its life history is closely tied to variable rainfall of this area, with drought-tolerant eggs and rapid population growth after good rains driving shifts from low-density solitarious populations to gregarious upsurges.
Central American locust (Schistocerca piceifrons)
Central American locust (Schistocerca piceifrons)
The Central American Locust is a well-known swarming locust with two subspecies (Schistocerca piceifrons piceifrons and Schistocerca piceifrons peruviana). S. p. piceifrons is one of the most harmful agricultural pests from southern Mexico to northern Costa Rica where at least 50,000 ha are treated annually.
Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria)
Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria)
The desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal, 1775), distributed from Mauritania to India is considered the most dangerous of all migratory pests. Because of their extraordinary traits of gregariousness, mobility, voracity, and the sheer size of their swarms, which can reach hundreds of millions of individuals in a single congregation, this species has plagued farmers for millennia. The desert locust is known for its highly polyphagous nature, especially during the gregarious phase. This voracious species consumes not only natural vegetation but also a wide variety of food crops. When they swarm, they have the ability to decimate extensive areas of crops, leaving them completely defoliated, while their sheer weight can cause tree branches to break under their relentless onslaught. Today the desert locust impacts over 60 countries. In 2019–2021 a major outbreak caused extensive damage in the Greater Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of southwest Asia.
Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus)
Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus)
The Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus) is widespread across western Europe and central Asia. It has been recognized as an agricultural pest since the Middle Ages, and outbreaks remain common today. By the late 20th century, it had become one of the most serious pest species in extratropical Eurasia.
Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria)
Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria)
The migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) is a notorious agricultural pest and the most widely distributed grasshopper species in the world. It is present across the entire temperate and the tropics of the Eastern Hemisphere. In China, records of the migratory locust plagues go back to 200 BC. Today, it is the most important locust pest after the desert locust.
Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus)
Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus)
The Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) is a highly destructive agricultural pest species native to arid and semi-arid regions of the western Palearctic. It is known for its ability to form dense swarms under favorable environmental conditions, leading to severe damage to crops and pastures across North Africa, southern Europe, and parts of Central Asia.
Red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata)
Red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata)
The red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata) is found in sub-Saharan Africa. Today its outbreaks are frequent but mostly limited to specific grasslands and seasonal floodplains located in Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, and to a lesser extent in southern Madagascar. Important breeding areas are the central Niger delta in Mali and the southern shores of Lake Chad.
South American locust (Schistocerca cancellata)
South American locust (Schistocerca cancellata)
The South American Locust is one of the most destructive grasshopper species in the Americas, known for its remarkable capacity to form large, migratory swarms that devastate crops and rangelands. Endemic to South America, it has a long and well-documented history of plagues in Argentina and neighboring countries, with records dating back to the sixteenth century. Like other Schistocerca species, S. cancellata exhibits locust phase polyphenism—shifting between solitary and gregarious forms in response to population density and environmental conditions. After decades of relative recession under preventive control, major upsurges in the 2010s reaffirmed its economic and ecological importance across South America.
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