Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
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| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Acronym: | FAO |
| Website: | View URL |
| Geography | |
| Headquarter country: | Italy |
| Categories | |
| Type: | Intergovernmental Organization |
| Focus: | Management |
Related organizations
The following organizations represented on HopperWiki are associated with this organization:
- Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region
- FAO Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in Northwest Africa
- FAO Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in South-West Asia
- FAO Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Western Region
- FAO Desert Locust Control Committee
- FAO Desert Locust Control Organization for Eastern Africa
- FAO Desert Locust Information Service
- FAO Emergency Centre for Transboundary Plant Pests
- FAO Emergency Operations and Rehabilitation Division
- FAO Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases
- FAO Food Chain Crisis Management Framework
- FAO Locust Watch Locusts in Caucasus and Central Asia
- FAO Locusts and Transboundary Plant Pests and Diseases
- FAO Plant Production and Protection Division
- FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
- FAO Regional Office for the Near East
- FAO Subregional Office for Southern Africa
- FAO Technical Cooperation Programme
- FAO Turkey Partnership Programme
- Near East Plant Protection Organization
Available resources authored by this organization
A global actor in desert locust control
In the 1950s, the responsibility for desert locust forecasting and control coordination shifted from the UK to the FAO. [1] Today, the FAO is mandated to monitor and effectively manage the most devestating locust pest, the desert locust. Responding to the recommendations of the working party on desert locust control, the FAO established the Desert Locust Control Committee (DLCC) in January 1955. It serves as the primary platform for bringing together countries affected by locust infestations, donors, and other agencies to facilitate discussions and collaboration in desert locust management within the FAO framework.[1]
The DLCC has 64 member states and three working languages, Arabic, English, and French. It functions as a global advisory body responsible for desert locust early warning, control, and emergency response.[1] It provides guidance to the three FAO regional desert locust commissions: the CRC, SWAC, and CLCPRO. These commissions work in tandem with an interstate organization known as the Desert Locust Control Organization for Eastern Africa (DLCO-EA). Together, they collaborate on developing a proactive control strategy by establishing independent national desert locust units and enhancing the surveying, control, reporting, training, research, planning, and safety capabilities of member countries. The DLCC and the regional commissions complement each other, aiming to implement a comprehensive global preventive control strategy that effectively reduces the frequency, duration, and severity of desert locust infestations while safeguarding food production and livelihoods.[1]
Since 1955, from its headquarters in Rome, the FAO has operated a centralized Desert Locust Information Service (DLIS) to provide general locust information to the global community and to give timely warnings to countries in danger of invasion.[1] DLIS integrates the information from the field with remote sensing data of meteorology, soil moisture and vegetation in desert locust habitats. Since 1975, DLIS has issued a monthly bulletin to locust-affected countries, the international donor community, researchers, institutes, and other interested parties that summarizes the current situation and provides a six-week forecast for each affected country. During periods of increased locust activity, DLIS issues warnings to the affected countries and helps to organize emergency control campaigns. These products are the main deliverables of the DLIS early warning system and are part of the global strategy to prevent plagues. Information provided by DLIS to National Locust Centres (NLCs) is used to plan survey and control operations in the field and prepare for swarm invasions by pre-positioning resources and teams.[1]
Three regional commissions
In order to foster a preventive strategy and provide assistance to member nations in combating the desert locust, the FAO has established three regional commissions:[1]
- FAO Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Western Region (CLCPRO, est. 2002) has 10 member countries from West and Northwest Africa: Algeria, Burkina Faso, Chad, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Senegal, and Tunisia. View organization page
- FAO Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region (CRC, est. 1967) with 16 member countries: Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, UAE, and Yemen. View organization page.
- FAO Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in South-West Asia (SWAC, est. 1964) with four member countries: Afghanistan, India, Iran, and Pakistan. View organization page.
The commissions have devised a proactive control strategy by establishing independent national desert locust units and enhancing the surveying, control, reporting, training, research, planning, and safety capabilities of member countries. They develop annual work plans and regularly update contingency plans, taking into account the prevailing situation and forecasts. For countries that are not part of the three commissions, such as Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, and Uganda, the FAO collaborates with their respective national authorities through its decentralized offices. This ensures coordinated efforts and support in addressing the desert locust issue within these countries.[1]
DLCC membership includes all countries from the invasion area, and their active participation is expected, with their involvement in DLCC meetings every two years to discuss the locust situation and control mechanisms.[1] The establishment of commissions and field organizations has provided essential logistical support for fieldwork, enabling the identification and mapping of major outbreak areas. Over the years, a comprehensive database has been compiled, documenting the seasonal distribution, population size, and phase status of locust populations, spanning more than a century of field data (FAO, 2022). This database holds significant value, particularly for the desert locust, and has contributed to an improved understanding of population dynamics in their natural environment.[1]
In 1994, the FAO established the Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases (EMPRES) to enhance global food security and combat transboundary pests and diseases.[1] EMPRES includes a dedicated desert locust component that focuses on improving efficacy, developing early warning plans, and providing sustainable emergency funds to the 18 affected countries in Africa, Western Asia, Southeastern Europe, and North Africa. The program also encourages environmentally friendly control technologies and fosters collaboration with national and international research centers and organizations.[1]
Strategy at FAO headquarters to deal with desert locust emergencies
During recessions, localized outbreaks, or when desert locust populations are low, control operations are carried out by National Locust Centers (NLCs).[1] However, during widespread and high population periods, regional organizations supported by the FAO with international assistance and donor funding, join NLC treatments. In emergency situations where preventive strategies are insufficient, the FAO establishes the Emergency Centre for Transboundary Plant Pests (ECTTP) to manage the response. The ECTTP integrates technical and operational capacities under the Plant Production and Protection Division (AGP) and the Food Chain Crisis–Emergency Management Unit (FCC-EMU) of the Emergency and Resilience Division (PSE), coordinating activities, including resource mobilization, monitoring, and communication. They oversee the response, employing the FAO Thematic Scale-Up L3 protocols tailored for desert locusts based on factors such as scale, complexity, urgency, response capabilities, and reputational risk. The ECTTP assumes responsibility for monitoring the desert locust, including procurement, human resources, resource mobilization, and communications/outreach. Regular meetings are conducted twice a week, and weekly media talking points are issued, providing a comprehensive overview of all aspects related to the emergency. In line with the needs identified, the ECTTP launches resource mobilization initiatives and engages in negotiations with donors.[1]
Mechanism of funding for desert locust control
During the locust upsurge in the Western Region from 2003 to 2005, extensive measures were taken across more than 20 countries.[1] This involved treating 13 million hectares with 13 million liters of pesticides, and the overall cost of the campaign, including food aid, exceeded USD 500 million.[2] This event revealed deficiencies in the international pest prevention system and raised questions about the involvement of international assistance.[3] Donor country representatives acknowledged their delayed intervention but also held FAO and national experts accountable for the delayed engagement of donor organizations. FAO's coordination capabilities were also scrutinized during that period.[4]
In response, FAO developed a new financial governance system for locust control, which was subsequently approved by all three desert locust commissions.[1] Each commission implemented this system with some adaptations for the locust-affected countries in their respective regions. The funding system adopted in the Central Region consists of seven tools aligned with the four stages of locust infestation (recession, outbreak, upsurge, and plague), including a regional emergency fund. The key aspect of this system is the presence of complementary and ongoing funding sources at national, regional, and international levels for control operations. Depending on the scale and severity of the desert locust infestation, funding for control efforts is sourced from various channels.[5]
A similar scheme was implemented during the desert locust emergency in East Africa from 2019 to 2020.
Resources
Technical reports FAO desert locust outbreak reports
| Resource title | URL | Category | Descriptive keyword | Author | Language | Species purview | Geographic purview | Resource description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 FAO High-level conference on world food security | View URL | Technical report | Food security | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Africa • Americas • Asia • Europe • Oceania | The High-Level Conference on World Food Security organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 2008 addressed the issues of rising food prices, food insecurity, and hunger in developing countries. The conference focused on the need for immediate and long-term actions to ensure food security and proposed a comprehensive plan of action to address the underlying causes of food insecurity. | |
| 2014 evaluation of field trials data on the efficacy and selectivity of insecticides on locusts and grasshoppers | View URL | Information hub | Pesticides • Management • Pesticide management • Chemical control | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) • Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus) • Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) • Red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata) • Senegalese grasshopper (Oedaleus senegalensis) | This resource by the Pesticides Referee Group describes the impacts of insecticides on locusts and grasshoppers, with a focus on Desert Locusts. Additionally, this resource provides recommendations for insecticide use to the FAO. | |
| 2021 evaluation of field trials data on the efficacy and selectivity of insecticides on locusts and grasshoppers | View URL | Technical report | Report • Pesticides • Pesticide management • Management • Monitoring • Public health | Locust Pesticide Referee Group • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) • Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) • Brown locust (Locustana pardalina) | Africa • Europe • Asia • Americas • Oceania | Report of the eleventh meeting of the Locust Pesticide Referee Group, which took place virtually in November 2021. The report includes a comprehensive list of studies on insecticide selection, efficacy, and concerns for management and public health, recommendations made, and some additional information and specifications. |
| A celebration of 50 years of service | View URL | Technical report | Management • Archive • Decision making • Education | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Egypt | This resource outlines 50 years of work done by the CRC. |
| A locust officer's field guide | View URL | Guide | Behavior • Species identification • Outbreaks | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) • Sudan plague locust (Aiolopus simulatrix) • Sahelian tree locust (Anacridium melanorhodon) • Red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata) • Senegalese grasshopper (Oedaleus senegalensis) • Variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus) | This resource compiles field guide cards to use by field guide officers to aid with grasshopper identification. | |
| A preliminary plan of joint Desert Locust surveys along common borders in the Central Region | View URL | Technical report | International development • Early warning • Survey | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | This report details a plan for reoccurring joint survey operations for desert locust control and assessment in areas that are strategically important or inaccessible. | ||
| A report on the joint survey work on the Sudanese-Egyptian border for the winter season | View URL | Technical report | Early warning | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Arabic | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Egypt • Sudan | Report on a survey operation held on the Sudanese-Egyptian border with data tables and satellite images. |
| Ad hoc meeting | View URL | Technical report | Early warning • Map • Management • Collective movement | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Sudan | This is the first ad hoc meeting regarding desert locust control in Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen, and Eritrea. This resource also includes a timeline of possible developments in desert locust outbreaks and map of likely desert locust movements across various countries over previously outlined months. |
| Afghanistan locust outbreak | View URL | Media | Emergency response • Locust outbreaks • Video • Media article | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Arabic • English | Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) | Afghanistan | A large-scale locusts outbreak across eight provinces in North and Northeast Afghanistan poses enormous threat to the country’s food security, warns the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAO |
| Application of Geographical Information Systems and remote sensing in estimating the likely breeding and infested areas of the desert locust | View URL | Infestations • Geographic Information System (GIS) | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Research on two methods to identify areas infested with or are breeding grounds for desert locusts. | ||
| Assessment of desert locust outbreaks in Sudan using GIS and remote sensing technologies | View URL | Locust outbreaks • Geographic Information System (GIS) • Remote sensing | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Research studying the desert locust plauge that occured in Sudan from 2003 to 2004. | ||
| Assessment/search results | View URL | Guide | Grasshoppers • Database | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | This resource is a table template to record hopper groups and their size in kilometers, bands, and total percentage. | ||
| Biopesticides: operational use against locusts | [ View URL] | Guide | Video • Tutorial • Biological control • Biopesticide | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Arabic • English • French • Russian | Africa • Americas • Asia • Europe • Oceania | A 10-minute instructional video created for experts in locust control and other professionals involved in the storage, transport, preparation, and use of bio-pesticides. The video provides step-by-step guidance on best practices for these activities. | |
| Building national capacity | View URL | Guide | Education • Management • International development • Collective movement • Overview | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Africa | Brief overview of training programs being utilized to build national capacity. |
| Calendars 2023 on locust control safety measures | [ View URL] | Guide | Calendar • Management | FAO Locust Watch Locusts in Caucasus and Central Asia • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Azerbaijani • Armenian • Georgian | Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) • Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) | Azerbaijan • Armenia • Georgia (country) | A calendar with locust management information for residents, farmers, shepherds, beekeepers, and municipalities involved in combating locusts. |
| CCA locust bulletins | [ View URL] | Situation bulletin | Forecasting • Report • Locusts • Locust outbreaks | FAO Locust Watch Locusts in Caucasus and Central Asia • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) • Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus) • Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) | Kazakhstan • Kyrgyzstan • Tajikistan • Uzbekistan • Turkmenistan • Afghanistan • Georgia (country) • Russian Federation • Armenia • Azerbaijan | A number of bulletins which report on the situation and forecasting of Moroccan Locust, Italian Locust, and Migratory Locust in the Caucasus and Central Asia regions. In each bulletin, situations are classified as dangerous, requiring caution, or calm. |
| Climate Change and Desert Locust | View URL | Technical report | Climate change • eLocust • RAMSES • SWARMS • DeLCoPA | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Northern Africa • Western Asia | An overview of the analytical tools used to investigate the potential impact of climate change on the desert locust, including modeling and remote sensing techniques. It also discusses the potential implications of climate change for desert locust outbreaks and management strategies. |
| Climate change and food security in West Africa and North Africa | View URL | Technical report | Climate change • Chapter excerpt | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Northern Africa • Western Asia | Discusses the potential impact of climate change on food security in West and North Africa. |
| Contingency planning seminar | View URL | Guide | Workshop • Chemical control • Emergency response • Early warning | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Egypt | This resource provides information of workshops and principles of campaign planning and workshops about locust control, and registration form templates. |
| Control of the locust plague in Madagascar 2014 | View URL | Guide | Video • Management | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | French | Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) | Madagascar | Locust swarms in Madagascar are posing a threat to the food security and livelihoods of 13 million people, which accounts for approximately 60% of the island's population. An analysis of the root causes and necessary actions to address the issue is presented in the report. |
| Country contingency plans for desert locust plague control campaigns | View URL | Technical report | Aerial control operations • Spraying • Chemical control • Behavior • Pesticides • Early warning • Management | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | This resource is a guide on conducting desert locust control operations, overviewing information about control systems, constructing contingency plans and control campaigns, and outbreak and upsurge campaigns. | |
| CRC Progress report on research projects | View URL | Form | Worksheet | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Template for planning research projects to keep track of progress and finances. | ||
| Crop prospects and food situation | View URL | Technical report | Outbreaks • Food security | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Africa • Asia • Latin America and the Caribbean • Northern America • Europe • Oceania | Report of global cereal supply, low-income food-deficit countries' food situation overview, and a special feature on the desert locust outbreak impact. |
| Data transmission using Codan HF radios | View URL | Guide | Technology • eLocust | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | This resource is a guide on setting up and running Codan radios and Psion hand held computers. These devices are used for electronic data transmission from the field site to the base. | ||
| Decisions and risks | View URL | Guide | Decision making • Survey • Locusts | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Guide on various survey types and methods, and graphics to aid in decision making and risks associated with those decisions. This guide also included general information on desert locusts. | |
| Desert locust and remote sensing manual to visualize and analyze SPOT4-VEGETATION images | View URL | Guide | Database • Early warning | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Italy | This is a guide helps users navigate using WinDisp (version 4.0) to analyze and visualize images. |
| Desert locust early warning system infographic | View URL | Guide | Early warning • Infographic | FAO Desert Locust Information Service • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Africa • Asia | Explains the Desert Locust Early Warning System, which monitors and forecasts desert locust outbreaks. It describes the four stages of locust development and the different components of the early warning system. |
| Desert Locust Forecasting: Art or Science? | View URL | Guide | Video • Presentation • Early warning | FAO Desert Locust Information Service • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Africa • Asia | FAO's Senior Locust Forecasting Officer, Keith Cressman, with over 30 years of experience in Desert Locust forecasting and providing early warning to countries, presents a video explaining that Desert Locust forecasting is both a science and an art that relies on intuition, feelings, and experience. The presentation was originally given at the 13th International Congress of Orthopterology in Agadir, Morocco on March 26, 2019. |
| Desert Locust Master Trainer Manual | View URL | Guide | Locusts • Management • Training manual | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | This resource is an informative guide for Master Trainers in desert locust-affected countries, to improving their technical knowledge and training abilities. Newly trained Master Trainers can look to this guide for general information, guidance, and graphic aids. | |
| Desert locust preventive control strategy in the Near East and Horn of Africa | View URL | Technical report | Early warning • Emergency response • Management • Infestations | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Africa | This resource is a brief overview of the mitigation strategies and early warning systems in place for Desert Locust outbreaks. |
| Desert locust standard survey/control form | View URL | Form | Outbreaks • Survey | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Template form for desert locust control operations | |
| Desert locust technical series | [ View URL] | Technical report | History • Management | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English • French • Arabic | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Djibouti • Egypt • Eritrea • Ethiopia • Saudi Arabia • Sudan • Yemen • Mauritania • Madagascar • Morocco • Kazakhstan • Senegal • South Africa • Russian Federation • Australia • Niger • Mali | A series of technical reports, important research, and relevant resources curated by the FAO Desert Locust Watch. |
| DMA Monograph | View URL | Guide | Morphology • Distribution • Ecology • Population dynamics • Management | FAO Locust Watch Locusts in Caucasus and Central Asia • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Russian | Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) | Kazakhstan • Kyrgyzstan • Tajikistan • Uzbekistan • Turkmenistan • Algeria • Russian Federation • Georgia (country) • Afghanistan • Iraq • Azerbaijan • Italy | The document summarizes over a century of research on the Moroccan locust in its eastern range, covering its characteristics, phase variations, habitats, natural enemies, population monitoring, forecasting, and management approaches, including historical insights and biographies of specialists. |
| Edible insects | View URL | Technical report | Edible insects | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Examines the potential of insects as food and feed, considering their ecological services and nutritional value. It emphasizes the need for addressing challenges and establishing supportive legislation to fully harness the benefits of insects for food security. | ||
| ELocust3 digital tools | View URL | Information hub | App | FAO Desert Locust Information Service • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Asia • Africa | FAO apps used to collect basic data required for locust control operations and forecasting. |
| EMPRES strengthening desert locust management | View URL | Guide | Infographic • Education • Distribution • Biology • Ecology • Rainfall • Locusts • Infestations • Migration • Outbreaks • Locust outbreaks • Monitoring • Emergency response • Early warning • Chemical control • Biological control • Mechanical control • Mating behavior • Behavior • Insect behavior • Overview • Communication resource | FAO Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | |||
| Estimate the potential impact of DL resources (1) control an outbreak campaign | View URL | Technical report | Chemical control • Report | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Excel data tables with information regarding hopper patches, impact of control operations, and barrier treatment. | |
| Estimate the potential impact of DL resources (2) control an upsurge Campaign | View URL | Technical report | Chemical control • Spraying • Aerial control operations | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Excel sheet with information regarding foot, vehicle, and aircraft control systems. | |
| Estimate the potential impact of DL resources (3) control a plague Campaign | View URL | Technical report | Early warning • Worksheet | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Excel sheet with data on various spraying methods, showing inputs and outputs | ||
| Estimate the potential impact of DL resources control a plague campaign spreadsheet | View URL | Digital tool | Worksheet • Early warning | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Worksheet for calculating the potential impact of DL resources control a plague campaign spreadsheet. Email HopperWiki admin for excel files if unavailable on the original website. | |
| Estimation of needed resources for an plague hopper campaign | View URL | Technical report | Pesticides • Database • Data analysis | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | This resource is a Microsoft Office Excel Spreadsheet called “Plague”. The spreadsheet allows investigation of block control, individual band control by vehicle, and "barrier" treatments. | ||
| Evaluation of four methods for monitoring the population of desert Locust | View URL | Technical report | Survey • General locust education | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English • Arabic | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Sudan | Research paper on developing improved desert locust field survey techniques, with overview on desert locust life cycle and biology. |
| FAO check list for general monitoring of desert locust control operations | View URL | Form | Monitoring • Early warning | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Template check list to use for desert locust control operations | |
| FAO commission for controlling the desert locust in the central region fifty years fighting desert locust | View URL | Technical report | International development • Community development • Environmental assessment • Decision making | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Northern Africa | This resource is an information sheet about successful programs and initiatives showing the FAO’s role in supporting member countries to prevent, prepare and respond to threats. |
| FAO desert locust biology and behaviour guidelines | [ View URL] | Guide | Behavior • Biology • Training manual • Species identification | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English • French • Arabic • Somali | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Southern Asia • Western Asia | Guidelines on desert locust biology and behavior primarily for use by national and international organizations and institutions involved in Desert Locust survey and control. |
| FAO desert locust campaign organization & execution guidelines | [ View URL] | Guide | Campaign organization • Training manual | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English • French • Arabic | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Southern Asia • Western Asia | Guidelines on desert locust campaign organization & execution primarily for use by national and international organizations and institutions involved in Desert Locust survey and control. |
| FAO desert locust guidelines appendixes | [ View URL] | Guide | Management • Training manual | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English • French • Arabic | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Southern Asia • Western Asia | Specific information on techniques and equipment for managing the desert locust control primarily for use by national and international organizations and institutions involved in Desert Locust survey and control. |
| FAO desert locust information and forecasting guidelines | [ View URL] | Guide | Forecasting • Training manual | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English • French • Arabic | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Southern Asia • Western Asia | Guidelines on desert locust information and forecasting primarily for use by national and international organizations and institutions involved in Desert Locust survey and control. |
| FAO desert locust survey and control form instructions | View URL | Form | Survey | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Template desert locust survey and control form to take in the field during survey. | |
| FAO desert locust survey guidelines | [ View URL] | Guide | Survey • Training manual | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English • French • Arabic • Somali • Spanish | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Southern Asia • Western Asia | Guidelines on desert locust survey methods primarily for use by national and international organizations and institutions involved in Desert Locust survey and control. |
| FAO dlocust resources | View URL | Information hub | Robotics • Drones • Technology | FAO Desert Locust Information Service • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Africa • Asia | Information, video, user manuals about the dlocust drone. |
| FAO eLocust3m information videos | View URL | Guide | App • Video | FAO Desert Locust Information Service • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Southern Asia • Western Asia | "The eLocust3m smartphone app is used by national locust officers during survey and control operations in countries affected by Desert Locust to enter all observations made in the field on ecology, locusts, control, and safety (PRO module). It is also used by other persons during locust emergencies such as additional field teams, farmers, communities, NGOs, and other crowdsourced to report locust sightings (BASIC module). This video shows how to register as an eLocust3m user. The near-real-time data are integrated into the national and global Desert Locust early warning systems and are the foundation of the preventive control strategy to manage Desert Locust. Data can also be downloaded from PlantVillage as a CSV file for import into the custom RAMSES GIS used by affected countries for data management and analysis. Only registered eLocust3m users can access PlantVillage (https://plantvillage.psu.edu). Download eLocust3m from Google Play Store: https://play.google.com/store/apps/de... More info: eclo@fao.org" |
| FAO emergencies and resilience | View URL | Information hub | Emergency response | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Southern Asia • Western Asia | Dedicated to providing information and resources related to ongoing crises and emergencies around the world. It covers a wide range of topics, including natural disasters, conflicts, and other humanitarian crises that affect agriculture, food security, and livelihoods. |
| FAO Emergency Centre for Locust Operations After Action Review 2005 | View URL | Technical report | After action review • Management | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Africa • Asia | Brief summary: "The After Action Review addressed all the main aspects of Desert Locust control ranging from fund-raising to project implementation, impact assessment and visibility. It included a review of the following topics: Locust forecasts and the alerts/warnings given; action plans and contingency planning; project implementation; funding; donors’ role; Field Program Management Information System (FPMIS); ECLO structure and functioning; coordination at the international, regional, and national levels, including the role of the FAO Representatives (FAORs); procurement and contractual services; training; public relations and communications; and, health, environment and pesticide management." |
| FAO Infographic the 2020–2021 desert locust upsurge | View URL | Technical report | Management | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Eastern Africa | Statistics and figures of the desert locust outbreak 2020-2021. |
| FAO locust Emergency prepaRedness Toolkit (eLERT) | View URL | Information hub | Agriculture • Biopesticide • Chemical control • Dosage • Emergency response • Information hub • Locust outbreaks • Locusts • Management • Pesticide storage • Pesticides • Biological control • Mechanical control • PPE and cleaning • Spraying • Pesticide management • Public health • Advice • Outbreaks • Database | FAO Food Chain Crisis Management Framework • FAO Emergency Operations and Rehabilitation Division • FAO Plant Production and Protection Division • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Southern Asia • Western Asia | The eLERT is a dynamic and interactive online database whose main objective is to serve as reference, at both national and international levels, to respond more timely and effectively to the needs in a fast evolving crisis situation. |
| FAO locust handbook identification key | View URL | Guide | Species identification • Locusts | FAO Desert Locust Information Service • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Kraussaria angulifera • Cataloipus cymbiferus • Cataloipus fuscocoeruleipes • Hieroglyphus daganensis • Red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata) • Cyrtacanthacris tatarica • Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) • Sahelian tree locust (Anacridium melanorhodon) • Devil grasshopper (Diabolocatantops axillaris) • Variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus) • Senegalese grasshopper (Oedaleus senegalensis) • Sudan plague locust (Aiolopus simulatrix) • Brown locust (Locustana pardalina) • Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) | ||
| FAO Locust Hub | View URL | Information hub | Distribution • Earth observation • Weather • Infographic • Information hub • Locust outbreaks • Locusts • Map • Monitoring • Soil science • Ecology • Outbreaks • Infestations | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Southern Asia • Western Asia | A dedicated portal that provides information, resources, and interactive maps related to locusts and locust control efforts. |
| FAO locust response overview dashboard | View URL | Information hub | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Southern Asia • Western Asia | The Locust Response Overview Dashboard is a web-based tool developed by the FAO to provide an overview of the organization's response to locust outbreaks and infestations. It offers a visual representation of locust-related data, including maps, charts, and other visualizations that showcase the affected regions, severity of infestations, and response efforts. | |
| FAO Locust Watch bulletin for Locusts in Caucasus and Central Asia | View URL | Situation bulletin | Forecasting • Information hub • Emergency alerts | FAO Locust Watch Locusts in Caucasus and Central Asia • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) • Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus) • Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) | Afghanistan • Georgia (country) • Russian Federation • Uzbekistan • Armenia • Kazakhstan • Tajikistan • Azerbaijan • Kyrgyzstan • Turkmenistan | Monthly situation summaries and forecasts for the Moroccan (DMA), Italian (CIT) and Asian Migratory Locusts (LMI) |
| FAO Locust Watch Desert Locust | View URL | Situation bulletin | Forecasting • Information hub • Emergency alerts | FAO Desert Locust Information Service • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English • Arabic • French | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Southern Asia • Western Asia | Monthly situation summaries and forecasts for the desert locust (Schistoseca gregaria) in Arabic English French. |
| FAO Multilateral evaluation of the 2003-05 Desert Locust campaign | View URL | Technical report | Management | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Eastern Africa | Towards a More Effective Response to Desert Locusts and their Impacts on Food Security, Livelihoods and Poverty By: L. Brader, H. Djibo, F.G. Faye, S. Ghaout, M. Lazar, P.N. Luzietoso and M.A. Ould Babah |
| FAO open DropBox resources for innovation | View URL | Information hub | Forecasting • Survey • Early warning • Robotics • Drones • Technology | FAO Desert Locust Information Service • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Africa • Americas • Asia • Europe • Oceania | ||
| FAO Plant Production and Protection Newsletter | View URL | Information hub | Newsletter | FAO Plant Production and Protection Division • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | South America | ||
| FAO poisoning incident form | View URL | Form | Survey • Locusts | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Template form to fill out incase of poisoning incident. | ||
| FAO RAMSES | View URL | Information hub | Monitoring | FAO Desert Locust Information Service • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Asia • Africa | Instructions on how to participate and join FAO's early warning list/online Google group? |
| FAO Role in the management of the desert locust crisis | View URL | Guide | Presentation | FAO Locusts and Transboundary Plant Pests and Diseases • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Africa • Asia | Presentation on the FAO’s general role in the management of the desert locust crisis. |
| FAO spray monitoring form | View URL | Form | Monitoring | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Template for a spray monitoring form that can be submitted to the Nation Locust Unit in country of operation. | |
| FAO spray monitoring form instructions | View URL | Form | Monitoring | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Template form to take in field and record control details to later review. | |
| FAO validation (SPOT-VTG) Form | View URL | Form | Survey | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Template validation form form locust control surveys. | ||
| FAO warns of potentially devastating Moroccan Locust outbreak in Afghanistan’s wheat basket | View URL | Media | Advisory note • Press release • Mechanical control | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) | Afghanistan | The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has warned of a large-scale outbreak of the Moroccan Locust across eight provinces in North and Northeast Afghanistan, the country's wheat basket. |
| FAO-CRC Executive Secretary witnessed Eritrea’s commitment to control desert locust | View URL | Technical report | Agriculture • Early warning • Outbreaks | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Eritrea | This is a newsletter from Ministry of Agriculture of The State of Eritrea about new commitments to mitigating desert locust outbreaks. |
| FAO-EMPRES desert locust component | View URL | Technical report | Locust outbreaks • Collective movement • Management • Forecasting • Survey • Advice | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Egypt | This is a report on a workshop lead by the Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region alongside the heads of the national Locust Control Units to develop strategies that can be used by countries at risk for locust outbreaks following heavy rainstorms in 2017. |
| Field tests on an integrated Differential GPS navigation and spray monitoring system for aerial Desert Locust control operations | View URL | Technical report | Spraying • Aerial control operations • Monitoring | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Sudan | This study explores the effectiveness of DGPS navigating integrated with spray monitoring systems to improve Desert Locust control. Time savings, measurable benefits, spot spraying compared to blanket treatment, and other factors are considered to provide a holistic evaluation of this locust control method. |
| Finding a bearing | View URL | Guide | Compass | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Brief guide on how to use a compass while facing an object to figure out positionality with graphics. | ||
| First floods, then desert locusts | View URL | Media | Newsletter • Agriculture • Crop health • Infestations • Food security • Press release • Media article • Management • Locusts • Locust outbreaks • Livelihoods • Emergency response • Community development • Advocacy | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Somalia | Farmers in central Somalia cope with back-to-back threats |
| Following a bearing | View URL | Guide | Compass | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Guide on how to follow a bearing on a compass with graphics. | ||
| Fourth joint survey report in the Yemeni-Saudi border region, exploring desert locust breeding and spread areas | View URL | Technical report | Early warning • Survey | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Arabic | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Saudi Arabia • Yemen | Report on the fourth joint survey in the border region of Yemen and Saudi Arabia |
| Future orientation and challenges | View URL | Technical report | Outbreaks • Management • International development • Emergency response • Early warning | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Africa | This resource is a brief overview on the challenges the Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region faces in addressing desert locust outbreaks. |
| Global response plan January–December 2020 | View URL | Technical report | Emergency response • Outbreaks | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Iran • Yemen • Pakistan • Iraq • India • Ethiopia • Somalia • Kenya • South Sudan • Democratic Republic of the Congo • Tanzania • Uganda | Appeal for rapid response and anticipatory action |
| Glossary on Desert Locust | View URL | Guide | Locusts • Grasshoppers • Sustainability science | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Arabic • English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Italy | Glossary of key terms both anatomical and related to management used to study grasshoppers and locusts, defined in English and Arabic. |
| Greater Horn of Africa and Yemen Desert locust crisis appeal | View URL | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Djibouti • Ethiopia • Somalia • Sudan • South Sudan • Tanzania • Yemen • Kenya • Uganda • Eritrea | |||
| Guideline for the preparation of monthly campaign summary reports | View URL | Guide | Campaign organization • Spraying • Pesticides • Monitoring | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Guide on how to construct a monthly campaign summary report. | |
| How Somalia used biopesticides to win against desert locusts | View URL | Technical report | Biological control | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Somalia | Special feature on biocontrol and IPM used in Somalia during the desert locust outbreak 2019-2021 |
| How to manage a pesticide warehouse | View URL | Guide | Video • Tutorial • Pesticide storage | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Arabic • English • French • Russian | Africa • Americas • Asia • Europe • Oceania | This detailed instructional video explains all the steps for the proper use of the pesticide storage facility, including the use of personal protective equipment and the management of pesticide residues while considering human health and the environment. The video also demonstrates how to handle pesticide containers, from receiving the full package to cleaning and crushing empty containers after pesticide use, while highlighting measures to be taken in the event of a pesticide leak. | |
| How to properly store pesticides | View URL | Guide | Video • Overview • Advocacy • Pesticide storage | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Arabic • English • French • Russian | Africa • Americas • Asia • Europe • Oceania | This video showcases a pesticide warehouse in Madagascar, implemented as part of a three-year program by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in response to the locust outbreak (2013-2016). | |
| Human health and environmental safety in desert locust control operations | View URL | Guide | Public health • Conservation • Pesticide management • Metarhizium acridum • Early warning | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | This resource is a brief overview of environmental health and safety standards and impacts of utilizing pesticides as locust control. | |
| In-country joint survey of Desert Locust in summer breeding areas in the states | View URL | Technical report | Aerial control operations • Survey • International development | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | This report overviews findings and recommendations from a joint survey, with aims to assess the desert locust situation, and exchange technical information. For this joint survey, team members conducted grounding truthing of SPOT images and aerial survey operations as well. | |
| Key aspects on desert locust information and reporting | View URL | Guide | Early warning • SWARMS • Geographic Information System (GIS) | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Bahrain • Djibouti • Egypt • Eritrea • Ethiopia • Jordan • Kuwait • Iraq • Lebanon • Oman • Qatar • Saudi Arabia • Sudan • Syrian Arab Republic • United Arab Emirates • Yemen • Somalia | A guide to desert locust survey and reporting principles and key questions. |
| Lessons learned from the 2004 FAO aerial operations against desert locust | View URL | Technical report | Management • Aerial control operations | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Africa • Asia | Report of a Workshop held in Rome, Italy 28 February to 4 March 2005 to review the operation of aircraft contracts and the coordination of control activities in order to identify and implement improvements for the 2005 season. |
| Locust control with biopesticides | [ View URL] | Guide | Video • Advocacy • Biological control • Biopesticide | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Arabic • French • Russian • English | Africa • Americas • Asia • Europe • Oceania | The video aims to promote the use of biopesticides. It is targeted towards decision-makers, donors, other partners, and locust experts. | |
| Locust outbreaks threaten food security in southern Africa | View URL | Media | Press release • Media article • Newsletter • Locust outbreaks • Locusts • Outbreaks • Infestations • Crop health • Food security • Livelihoods • Emergency response • Community development • Management | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) | Immediate action can prevent disaster in Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe | |
| Locusts have caused problems for quite some time | View URL | Guide | Locusts • Biology • Chemical control • Mechanical control • Spraying • Data analysis | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) • Red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata) | This resources provides guidance and key facts on different locust control and survey methods as well as swarm shapes and other factors influencing decision making and control systems. | |
| Management of Desert Locust information | View URL | Guide | Management • eLocust • Early warning • Remote sensing • Data analysis • Technology • Forecasting • RAMSES | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Italy | This resource breifly categorizes early warning systems, and control systems of the Desert Locust. |
| Manual for the implementation of environmental, health, and safety standards for the control of locusts | View URL | Media | Environmental assessment • Public health • Safety guidelines • Pesticide management • Pesticide storage • Pesticides | FAO Desert Locust Information Service • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Africa • Americas • Asia • Europe • Oceania | This document outlines Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Environmental, Health, and Safety measures in Desert Locust control campaigns, aiming to guide implementation while allowing flexibility to adapt to national contexts, clarify responsibilities, plan activities, monitor implementation, and ensure comprehensive documentation for internal monitoring and external audits. | |
| Mitigating the locust spread in Tajikistan and neighbouring countries through Anticipatory Action | View URL | Technical report | Locust outbreaks | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) | Tajikistan | |
| MODIS satellite images | View URL | Guide | RAMSES • Map | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Guide on how to access MODIS satellite map images and how to display images in RAMSES, with instructional images. | ||
| Moroccan locust info poster | [ View URL] | Guide | Biology • Ecology • Monitoring • Species identification • Behavior • Population dynamics | FAO Locust Watch Locusts in Caucasus and Central Asia • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Azerbaijani • Russian | Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) | Azerbaijan • Georgia (country) • Kyrgyzstan • Tajikistan • Uzbekistan • Turkmenistan | Poster giving an overview of Moroccan locust biology, life cycle, habitat, natural enemies, and identification. |
| Operational-scale field trial with Green Muscle | View URL | Guide | Agriculture • Chemical control • Metarhizium acridum | Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Central Region • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | English | Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) | Africa | The objective of this guideline is to give advice on the design of an operational-scale field efficacy trial with Metarhizium anisopliae var, acridum on the Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria), formulated as Green Muscle®. Furthermore, logistical needs, a budget and some advice on planning are provided. |
| Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture | View URL | Media | Newsletter • Outbreaks • Locusts • Locust outbreaks • Emergency response • Management • Integrated pest management • Advocacy • Advisory note • Food security • Livelihoods • Agriculture • Rainfall • Crop health | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | French | Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) |
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 Ries MW, Adriaansen C, Aldobai S, Berry K, Bal AB, Catenaccio MC, Cigliano MM, Cullen DA, Deveson T, Diongue A, Foquet B, Hadrich J, Hunter D, Johnson DL, Pablo Karnatz J, Lange CE, Lawton D, Lazar M, Latchininsky AV, Lecoq M, Le Gall M, Lockwood J, Manneh B, Overson R, Peterson BF, Piou C, Poot-Pech MA, Robinson BE, Rogers SM, Song H, Springate S, Therville C, Trumper E, Waters C, Woller DA, Youngblood JP, Zhang L, Cease A (2024) Global perspectives and transdisciplinary opportunities for locust and grasshopper pest management and research. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(2): 169–216. doi:10.3897/jor.33.112803.
- ↑ Brader L, Djibo H, Faye FG, Ghaout S, Lazar M, Luzietoso PN, Ould Babah MA (2006) Towards a more effective response to desert locusts and their impacts on food security, livelihoods and poverty: multilateral evaluation of the 2003–05 desert locust campaign. Report, Food Agriculture Organization UN, Rome, Italy. http://www.fao.org/ag/locusts/common/ecg/1913/en/DesertLocustEvalReportE.pdf
- ↑ Doré A, Barbier M, Lecoq M, Babah O (2008) Prévention des invasions de criquets pèlerins : analyse socio-technique d’un dispositif de gestion du risque. Cahiers Agricultures 17: 457–464.
- ↑ Doré A (2010) Comment gérer une prolifération? Peut-on composer avec les criquets pèlerins? Études rurales 185: 119–132. https://doi.org/10.4000/etudesrurales.9093
- ↑ Deshormes A (2011) Institutional study to enhance the roles and responsibilities of the Desert Locust Control Commissions established under Article XIV. Financial Government Final Report, Food Agriculture Organization UN, Rome, Italy. http://www.fao.org/ag/locusts/common/ecg/2148/en/Financial_Governance_Report_E.pdf